A sometimes inconvenient reality is that travel, and often long travel periods, are required to dive some of the world’s most unique and interesting locations. Whether divers are searching for clearer water or warmer weather, it’s often hard to avoid lengthy journeys. As you venture to distant locales, make sure you, and the divers with you, are aware of a travel-related health concern – Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).
What is DVT?
DVT is not directly related to diving, but the risk is significantly increased by long periods of immobility, such as those found on long flights to dive destinations. DVT is a condition in which a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins, often in the legs. Symptoms include swelling and pain in the leg, ankle, or foot, as well as warmth or discoloration in the affected area. Swelling and discoloration that begins in the leg can also spread to the ankle or foot. Blood clots formed by DVT can break free and travel with the blood, potentially causing life-threatening conditions such as stroke or pulmonary embolism.
Why does DVT occur?
Most DVTs occur in individuals with pre-existing risk factors who remain motionless for long periods, such as when traveling by plane, car or train, or when bedridden. This is because immobility slows the flow of blood in the veins, increasing the risk of a blood clot forming. In addition, pressure on the calf from a poorly designed airline seat, for example, can cause damage to the walls of the veins in the leg and increase the likelihood of clot formation.
DVT is not a common condition – the prevalence for travelers on flights of eight hours or more is between 0.3 – 0.5%. However, DVT risk can be increased by age, obesity, and estrogen use. Individuals who are greatly above or below average height, and individuals with limited mobility, or who have had a recent surgery are also at a greater risk of DVT.
What can you do to mitigate your risk of DVT?
If you, anyone in your group, are at an increased risk of DVT, take preventative steps – wear compression socks, periodically walk during the flight, and exercise feet and calves. Individuals at risk for DVT should ensure that they are well-hydrated before flying, and discuss the possible benefits of anti-inflammatory medications with their healthcare provider.
If you suspect you have symptoms of DVT, seek qualified medical assistance immediately.
For more information on health and diving, visit DAN.org/Health
